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Silicon carbide (SiC) plays an important role in manufacturing power electronics and high-frequency devices due to its excellent electrical and thermal properties. The quality and doping level of SiC crystals directly affect the performance of the device, so precise control of doping is one of the key technologies in the SiC growth process.

GaN materials gained prominence following the awarding of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for blue LEDs. Initially entering the public eye through fast-charging applications in consumer electronics, GaN-based power amplifiers and RF devices have also quietly emerged as critical components in 5G base stations. In recent years, GaN-based automotive-grade power devices have shown promise, potentially opening new growth avenues for GaN material applications.

Currently, many semiconductor devices employ mesa device structures, which are predominantly created through two types of etching: wet etching and dry etching. While the simple and rapid wet etching plays a significant role in semiconductor device fabrication, it has inherent drawbacks such as isotropic etching and poor uniformity, which result in limited control when transferring small-sized patterns. Dry etching, however, with its high anisotropy, good uniformity, and repeatability, has become prominent in semiconductor device fabrication processes. The term “dry etching” broadly refers to any non-wet etching technology used for removing surface materials and transferring micro and nano patterns, including laser etching, plasma etching, and chemical vapor etching. The dry etching discussed in this text specifically pertains to the narrow application of processes using plasma discharge—either physical or chemical—to modify material surfaces.

Semiconductor manufacturing, the cornerstone of modern technological advancement, is in constant pursuit of smaller, faster, and more efficient integrated circuits. This relentless pursuit drives the need for increasingly precise and sophisticated manufacturing processes, where each step relies heavily on high-performance, high-quality, and high-precision equipment. Silicon carbide (SiC), a high-performance structural ceramic material, plays a crucial role in this demanding environment.

The push for higher power density and efficiency has become a primary driver of innovation across multiple industries, including data centers, renewable energy, consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and autonomous driving technologies. In the realm of wide bandgap (WBG) materials, Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) are currently the two core platforms, viewed as pivotal tools leading power semiconductor innovation. These materials are profoundly transforming the power electronics industry to address the ever-increasing demand for power.

SiC substrates are the most crucial component in the silicon carbide industry, accounting for nearly 50% of its value. Without SiC substrates, it is impossible to manufacture SiC devices, making them the essential material foundation.