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Tantalum carbide coating is an important high-strength, corrosion-resistant and chemically stable high-temperature structural material with a melting point of up to 4273 °C, one of the several compounds with the highest temperature resistance. It has excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, resistance to high-speed airflow scouring, ablation resistance, and good chemical and mechanical compatibility with graphite and carbon/carbon composites. Therefore, in the epitaxial process of GaN LEDs and SiC power devices such as MOCVD, TaC coating has excellent acid and alkali resistance to H2, HCl, NH3, which can completely protect the graphite substrate material and purify the growth environment.

Graphitising is the process of transforming non-graphitic charcoal into graphitic charcoal with graphite three-dimensional regular ordered structure by high-temperature heat treatment, making full use of electrical resistance heat to heat the charcoal material to 2300~3000 ℃, and transforming the charcoal with amorphous chaotic layer structure into ordered graphite crystalline structure.

Silicon carbide (SiC) plays an important role in manufacturing power electronics and high-frequency devices due to its excellent electrical and thermal properties. The quality and doping level of SiC crystals directly affect the performance of the device, so precise control of doping is one of the key technologies in the SiC growth process.

GaN materials gained prominence following the awarding of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for blue LEDs. Initially entering the public eye through fast-charging applications in consumer electronics, GaN-based power amplifiers and RF devices have also quietly emerged as critical components in 5G base stations. In recent years, GaN-based automotive-grade power devices have shown promise, potentially opening new growth avenues for GaN material applications.

Currently, many semiconductor devices employ mesa device structures, which are predominantly created through two types of etching: wet etching and dry etching. While the simple and rapid wet etching plays a significant role in semiconductor device fabrication, it has inherent drawbacks such as isotropic etching and poor uniformity, which result in limited control when transferring small-sized patterns. Dry etching, however, with its high anisotropy, good uniformity, and repeatability, has become prominent in semiconductor device fabrication processes. The term “dry etching” broadly refers to any non-wet etching technology used for removing surface materials and transferring micro and nano patterns, including laser etching, plasma etching, and chemical vapor etching. The dry etching discussed in this text specifically pertains to the narrow application of processes using plasma discharge—either physical or chemical—to modify material surfaces.

Electrostatic chucks (ESCs) have become indispensable in semiconductor manufacturing and flat panel display production, offering a damage-free, highly controllable method for holding and positioning delicate wafers and substrates during critical processing steps. This article delves into the intricacies of ESC technology, exploring its principles of operation, various adhesion mechanisms, and fundamental structural components.