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Silicon carbide (SiC) is an inorganic substance. The amount of naturally occurring silicon carbide is very small. It is a rare mineral and is called moissanite. Silicon carbide used in industrial production is mostly artificially synthesized.

Currently, many semiconductor devices employ mesa device structures, which are predominantly created through two types of etching: wet etching and dry etching. While the simple and rapid wet etching plays a significant role in semiconductor device fabrication, it has inherent drawbacks such as isotropic etching and poor uniformity, which result in limited control when transferring small-sized patterns. Dry etching, however, with its high anisotropy, good uniformity, and repeatability, has become prominent in semiconductor device fabrication processes. The term “dry etching” broadly refers to any non-wet etching technology used for removing surface materials and transferring micro and nano patterns, including laser etching, plasma etching, and chemical vapor etching. The dry etching discussed in this text specifically pertains to the narrow application of processes using plasma discharge—either physical or chemical—to modify material surfaces.

The process of silicon carbide substrate is complex and difficult to manufacture. SiC substrate occupies the main value of the industry chain, accounting for 47%. It is expected that with the expansion of production capacity and the improvement of yield in the future, it is expected to drop to 30%.

Silicon carbide (SiC) plays an important role in manufacturing power electronics and high-frequency devices due to its excellent electrical and thermal properties. The quality and doping level of SiC crystals directly affect the performance of the device, so precise control of doping is one of the key technologies in the SiC growth process.

Specialty graphite is graphite with carbon mass fraction greater than 99.99%, also known as "three high graphite" (high strength, high density, high purity). It is characterized by high strength, high density, high purity, high chemical stability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, high temperature resistance, radiation resistance, strong lubrication and easy processing. Isostatic graphite belongs to specialty graphite.

In semiconductor manufacturing, ion implantation involves using high-energy accelerators to inject specific impurity atoms, such as arsenic or boron, into a silicon substrate.