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A diffusion furnace is a specialized piece of equipment used to introduce impurities into semiconductor wafers in a controlled manner. These impurities, called dopants, change the electrical properties of semiconductors, allowing different types of electronic components to be made. This controlled diffusion process is critical to the production of transistors, diodes and integrated circuits.

There are several materials currently under investigation, among which silicon carbide stands out as one of the most promising. Similar to GaN, it boasts higher operating voltages, higher breakdown voltages, and superior conductivity compared to silicon. Moreover, thanks to its high thermal conductivity, silicon carbide can be utilized in environments with extreme temperatures. Lastly, it is significantly smaller in size yet capable of handling greater power.

Currently, many semiconductor devices employ mesa device structures, which are predominantly created through two types of etching: wet etching and dry etching. While the simple and rapid wet etching plays a significant role in semiconductor device fabrication, it has inherent drawbacks such as isotropic etching and poor uniformity, which result in limited control when transferring small-sized patterns. Dry etching, however, with its high anisotropy, good uniformity, and repeatability, has become prominent in semiconductor device fabrication processes. The term “dry etching” broadly refers to any non-wet etching technology used for removing surface materials and transferring micro and nano patterns, including laser etching, plasma etching, and chemical vapor etching. The dry etching discussed in this text specifically pertains to the narrow application of processes using plasma discharge—either physical or chemical—to modify material surfaces.

In the process of silicon wafer manufacturing, after the crystal rod is cut into silicon wafers, it will need to be polished and cleaned to obtain a single crystal silicon wafer like a mirror.

Semiconductor technology has been the backbone of modern civilization, fundamentally transforming the way we live, work, and interact with the world. It has enabled unprecedented advancements in various fields including information technology, energy, telecommunications, and healthcare. From the microprocessors that power our smartphones and computers, to the sensors in medical devices, and the power electronics in renewable energy systems, semiconductors are at the core of nearly every technological innovation of the past century.

A Dummy Wafer is a specialized wafer utilized primarily to fill machine equipment during the wafer manufacturing process.