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The process of silicon carbide substrate is complex and difficult to manufacture. SiC substrate occupies the main value of the industry chain, accounting for 47%. It is expected that with the expansion of production capacity and the improvement of yield in the future, it is expected to drop to 30%.

Defect-free epitaxial growth occurs when one crystal lattice has nearly identical lattice constants to another. Growth happens when lattice sites of the two lattices at the interface region are approximately matched, which is possible with a small lattice mismatch (less than 0.1%). This approximate matching is achieved even with elastic strain at the interface, where each atom is slightly displaced from its original position in the boundary layer. While a small amount of strain is tolerable for thin layers and even desirable for quantum well lasers, the strain energy stored in the crystal is generally lowered by the formation of misfit dislocations, which involve a missing row of atoms in one lattice.

Common thin films are mainly divided into three categories: semiconductor thin films, dielectric thin films, and metal/metal compound thin films.

In semiconductor manufacturing, the precision and stability of the etching process are paramount. One critical factor in achieving high-quality etching is ensuring that wafers are perfectly flat on the tray during the process.

As a unit of length, Angstrom (Å) is ubiquitous in integrated circuit manufacturing. From precise control of material thickness to miniaturization and optimization of device size, the understanding and application of Angstrom scale is the core to ensure the continuous development of semiconductor technology.