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Homoepitaxy and heteroepitaxy play pivotal roles in material science. Homoepitaxy involves the growth of a crystalline layer on a substrate of the same material, ensuring minimal defects due to perfect lattice matching. In contrast, heteroepitaxy grows a crystalline layer on a different material substrate, which can lead to challenges like lattice mismatch. These processes are crucial in advancing semiconductor devices and thin films. For instance, heteroepitaxy significantly impacts microelectronics and quantum optics, contributing to innovations like Light Emitting Diodes.

The silicon carbide industry involves a chain of processes that include substrate creation, epitaxial growth, device design, device manufacturing, packaging, and testing. In general, silicon carbide is created as ingots, which are then sliced, ground, and polished to produce a silicon carbide substrate.

As a third-generation wide bandgap semiconductor material, SiC (silicon carbide) has excellent physical and electrical properties, which makes it have broad application prospects in the field of power semiconductor devices.

Power semiconductors (also known as power electronic devices) are core components for power conversion and circuit control in electronic devices.

Japan recently restricted exports of 23 types of semiconductor manufacturing equipment. The announcement has sent ripples across the industry, as the move is expected to have a significant impact on global supply chains for semiconductor manufacturing.

Defect-free epitaxial growth occurs when one crystal lattice has nearly identical lattice constants to another. Growth happens when lattice sites of the two lattices at the interface region are approximately matched, which is possible with a small lattice mismatch (less than 0.1%). This approximate matching is achieved even with elastic strain at the interface, where each atom is slightly displaced from its original position in the boundary layer. While a small amount of strain is tolerable for thin layers and even desirable for quantum well lasers, the strain energy stored in the crystal is generally lowered by the formation of misfit dislocations, which involve a missing row of atoms in one lattice.