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Epitaxial wafers have been used in the electronics industry for decades, but their importance has only increased as technology has advanced. In this article, we will explore what epitaxial wafers are and why they are such an essential component of modern electronics.

While there is currently an oversupply of memory semiconductors due to a sluggish global economy, analog chips for automotive and industrial applications remain in short supply. Lead times for these analog chips can be as long as 40 weeks, compared to around 20 weeks for memory stocks.

Quartz (SiO₂) material is very similar to glass at first glance, but the special thing is that the general glass is made up of many components (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, etc.), while the quartz contains only SiO₂ components, and the microstructure of its silicon dioxide tetrahedral structural units composed of a simple network.

Currently, many semiconductor devices employ mesa device structures, which are predominantly created through two types of etching: wet etching and dry etching. While the simple and rapid wet etching plays a significant role in semiconductor device fabrication, it has inherent drawbacks such as isotropic etching and poor uniformity, which result in limited control when transferring small-sized patterns. Dry etching, however, with its high anisotropy, good uniformity, and repeatability, has become prominent in semiconductor device fabrication processes. The term “dry etching” broadly refers to any non-wet etching technology used for removing surface materials and transferring micro and nano patterns, including laser etching, plasma etching, and chemical vapor etching. The dry etching discussed in this text specifically pertains to the narrow application of processes using plasma discharge—either physical or chemical—to modify material surfaces.

Single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon each have their own unique advantages and applicable scenarios. Single crystal silicon is suitable for high-performance electronic products and microelectronics due to its excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Polycrystalline silicon, on the other hand, dominates the field of solar cells due to its low cost and good photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth after oxygen. Most silicon is found in soil, rocks, natural water, trees, and plants.