What is the stress of quartz glass parts

Stress in quartz glass components refers to the uneven internal stress generated by various factors. Essentially, it's the stored elastic strain generated by the unbalanced forces acting on atoms or molecules within the material. This can cause microscopic distortions in the material structure, which in turn can affect the object's macroscopic performance.

Stress is generally categorized as thermal stress, mechanical stress, phase change stress, and chemical stress. How are these stresses generated?

1. Thermal stress: This is caused by temperature gradients between the surface and interior during heating and cooling, leading to inconsistent contraction between the inside and outside, resulting in tensile or compressive stress. For example, if a quartz glass furnace tube is directly used after being burned with an oxyhydrogen flame, the opening will easily crack. This is due to heating stress. If the tube is rapidly cooled after high-temperature use, cracks may form. This is due to cooling stress.

2. Mechanical stress: This is due to external mechanical forces or localized plastic deformation during processing. For example, in semiconductor quartz glass flow distribution plates, tool pressure during cutting, grinding, and drilling causes lattice distortion, which is called processing stress. External forces such as tightening screws and clamping during installation of quartz glass flanges are called assembly stress. Some quartz components suffer from structural stress due to improper design, sharp angles, or sudden changes in thickness.

3. Phase Transformation Stress

The main cause is that quartz glass components are prone to crystallization when used in high-temperature environments, especially above 1100°C. The difference in expansion coefficients between the crystal and glass phases induces stress, which is exacerbated by repeated cycles. For example, quartz glass diffusion tubes can crystallize, peel, and crack after long-term use. This is due to both corrosion and stress.

4. Chemical Stress

The main cause is surface corrosion or ion exchange, which causes uneven volume changes and surface stress. For example, white oxide forms on the surface of quartz glass tubing after heat treatment. This is removed by pickling, but if the acid is not removed, it can conceal chemical stress and easily cause cracking and damage to the quartz glass tubing.

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